Geektimes
Letβs remember how it all began
The first technological revolution in the automotive industry was the interest of automobile companies in electric starters β they were first installed in 1911. Then innovations began to concern the driverβs convenience and even his entertainment behind the wheel: in 1925 a cigarette lighter appeared, in 1930 β radio, in 1956 β power steering, in 1970 β a cassette deck, in 1984 β airbags. A year later β CD players, in 1994 β a panel of devices for computer diagnostics of the car, in 1995 β geektimes GPS, in 2000 β USB and Bluetooth, the first swallows βconnectedβ to the whole car.
The first experience of creating a smart car occurred in the middle XX century. General Motors Firebird II β four-seater car in 1956 with independent suspension. Under the titanium hull was a gas turbine engine Whirlfire GT-304 for 200 hp, an electrical package and an integrated air conditioning system of a level no worse than at the beginning of the XXI century. Firebird II in terms of design and ergonomics continued the version of the 1953 car, which was called the βjet aircraft on wheelsβ (the developers and engineers were really inspired by the concepts of fighters of that time). However, in Firebird II, for the first time, a structure was used to travel on the highway of the future β a complex control system that was supposed to interact with an electric wire built into the roadway to send signals and serve as a guide for the newest cars. It was assumed that the electromagnetic field minimizes dangerous situations on the road, reducing the human factor. At that time it was too bold a model that made a furor at exhibitions, but never got into mass production.
The future roads were built in Europe and the USA. The first production car, which really began to interact with them, was Citroen DS β the legendary light car, which took the third place in the rating of cars of the century. Low-power engine 75 hp Nothing stood out in those days, but the car was distinguished by an advanced transmission, combined with the steering, brakes and hydropneumatic suspension. This design has outstripped the development of the automotive industry for many years to come. Citroen DS was able to interact with the highway with the help of an electric signal, but there was no question of any independent autopilot β it was more fun. By the way, it was incredible popularity, advanced technology and even a relatively illusory, but autopilot made this Citroen a flying Fantomas car.
Experiments with on-board computers in the 60-70s. Were conducted, but did not enter the series. It is worth remembering the experimental Chrysler Plymouth, which was equipped with an on-board computer (well, as far as you can call an on-board computer that occupied half of the rear seat) and a generator for powering the system, put on the roof of the car. Laboratory tests were conducted for 10 years, but there was no question of serial production.
Nevertheless, neither the engineering thought nor the imagination of the Futurists did not stop for a minute β humanity sought in cars not only for luxury or a means of transportation, but also for an intelligent helper capable of facilitating life, making roads safer, working for a person . This desire was reflected in the movies β after several films with βtalkingβ machines, these hits became a series of films about James Bond with his heaped cars and, of course, the legendary βKnight of the Roads.β Clever, humorous KITT car based on the Pontiac Firebird Trans AM not only developed speed at 500 km / h and was almost invulnerable, but also was able to talk, ride on full autopilot and control all electronic devices at a distance.
KITT inside
Probably utilitarian reality did not coincide with the dreams of the engineers of the past β the shaping of the appearance of modern smart cars was influenced by commerce and notorious business expediency.
- Automakers began to strive to meet the demands of a mass consumer who is spoiled by the IT industry. The mind of cars was cruise control, media devices for playing content, built-in phones in the 80-90βs and so on.
- Tablet and smartphone manufacturers began lobbying their interests to integrate into cars (for example, some Samsung cars incorporate Samsung tablets).
- Users began to show increased requirements for electronic filling: from entertainment content to security systems and the ability to work with alerts on the state of the car.
Modern smart cars
One of the first prototypes was proposed by Google β Google Car. This mini-car with an unprecedented level of autonomy. The car is designed for two people, has two engines, non-standard body materials, fully electric, speeds up to 25 mph (slightly more than 40 km / h), controlled from the start button and does not require the presence of a person except as a passenger. Naturally, it is integrated with Google services β in the central console you can watch videos and movies on Youtube, work with mail, fake in Chrome. By the way, the car is also built by Google, as the previous partners Lexux and Toyota expectedly imposed many restrictions on risky experiments. Entering the mass market of personal vehicles is extremely difficult, and in December 2016 Google (more precisely, holding Alphabet) curtailed the project to create its own unmanned vehicle. The company continues to develop autopilots, but already for ordinary automakers.
Car operating systems
Surely the majority of readers will first come to mind with Android OS. Indeed, this operating system is present in cars, and not only on embedded tablets. The distribution of the system began with the creation of an alliance Open Automotive Alliance, which included actually Google, NVIDIA, Audi, General Motors GM, Honda and Hyundai. We should not forget about Tesla, on board which are large 17-inch displays based on Android. However, for now, the use of this operating system is aimed primarily at creating information and entertainment car stuffing, including navigation functions.
iOS does not lag behind the competitor and, as long as the whole world waits by 2020 for the first i-mobile or i-Car (they say it will be that The unmanned vehicle based on the BMW i3), Apple implemented the Apple Carplay system, which allows you to connect the car control system from the iPhone from the 5th and up. Not all cars support the system, but most of the top manufacturers are already on the list. Of course, and here about the operating system is not talking β just the integration of devices on iOS in the infrastructure of the on-board computer. Again, the entertaining aspect comes to the forefront β here, and conversations are hands-free, and voice control of iTunes. By the way, Appleβs development of a UAV is strictly classified β try to find something besides general phrases about the Project Titan project.
Microsoft did not make a revolution, but chose a different vector of development and aimed at voice control of the carβs functions so as not to Distract the driver from the road. What happens with Microsoftβs software for cars can be described as a fully integrated smartphone in the car. Well, that is, you can wait for jokes from the category βwait, Iβll phone the phone.β
Already this year will test the autonomous driving system Drive Me from Volvo. Again, the assignment of the autonomy is for the convenience of the driver and traffic safety in the event that the owner of the car wants, for example, to have lunch at the wheel or dial a couple of messages in the messenger. Monitoring the environment, including the movement of pedestrians, will be possible with a clever combination of radar, cameras and lasers. Volvo focuses on the fact that they make real systems for real roads and consumers.
Volvo plans to attract tests to the most ordinary people of different sexes, ages, with different driving experience. During the testing, the company plans to collect βterabytes of dataβ about safety, usability, consumer experience, traffic flows, energy efficiency. Based on these data, the system will be further developed. The base car for testing is the XC90s.
In 2015, at the Geneva Motor Show, Italian studio Italdesign Giugiaro presented a GEA car (there is a version that it was partly a prototype of Audi A9, someone Refers to the near future of Audi) with completely autonomous control. Due to the fact that the driver behind the wheel (steering wheel-joystick) has nothing to do, the GEA provides three modes: a study, a gym and a rest room. In the Business mode, the salon provides two 19-inch monitors and a seat swivel for easy conversation. Wellness mode gives instructions for doing exercises on the handles built into the back seat. Finally, the Dream mode provides the driver with an extensive bed for sleeping. For all work options, the atmosphere and lighting are selected. The car can be controlled from the smartphone through a special application. The technical characteristics of the concept are also outstanding: 4 engines with a total power of 775 hp, a length of 5370 mm, a top speed of 250 km / h.
The features of Audi are clearly read
You can not leave a review of smart cars without attention to the legendary and, perhaps, the most German brand β BMW. The Bavarian automaker rarely looks back at others and goes to the rearguard of the market due to design and technology. According to the report of KPMG, the concern is leading in smart and unmanned vehicles.
In the case of smart cars, the story is this: in addition to unmanned versions, which we will mention just below, there are serial cars, Who use everything that was created for smartkars of our time. At the beginning of 2017, the leaders include BMW i8, hybrid BMW X5 PHEV and BMW 7 (which, among other things, projects the data of the instrument panel on the windshield, has a heavily updated iDrive and perceives sensor control by gestures). These models of BMW (like others) are equipped with a large number of sensors and are smart from the point of view of safety β they analyze the situation on the road and, having a huge amount of information in their memory, literally predict unfavorable events, thereby preventing them. Vodafonβs SIM card is also integrated in the BMW, which operates in the roaming of almost any cellular operator in the world (in Russia everyone) and sends important information: to the driver β about the need for another maintenance, battery charge level, the nearest car-care centers, assistance points and even Hotels, restaurants, etc., and from the driver β about critical situations on the road. So, you can call up the help with one SOS button and the operator will get owner data and exact coordinates of the incident. If you can not reach the button β the car itself will give a distress signal to special services.
X5 with hybrid engine
Together with Mobileye and Intel, BMW is developing an iNEXT unmanned network software platform that will be designed as For installation on the cars of the concern, and for sale to other automakers. In 2021, BMW plans to release a third-level robotic car, which will still require the presence of a person (fourth level β it is possible to do anything except driving, the fifth level β the car itself will go where you need it).
It is simply impossible to tear the wheels off the wheels
Automobile software
AUTOSAR AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) β an organization that aims to create a standardized open structure of software for the electronics of the car, in addition to infotainment systems. Such software should be scalable (distributed on different vehicles and platforms), localized, meeting the requirements for safety and maintainable throughout the life of the car. The standard AUTOSAR applies to the electronics of the body, power unit, chassis and safety system, as well as to multimedia systems, telematics and the interface between the driver and the car.
FlexRay standard onboard electronics protocol β high-speed network protocol for cars developed by the world consortium FlexRay, the founder of which is NXP together with BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Bosch, GM and Volkswagen. The data transfer rate reaches 10 Mbit / s. It is dozens of times faster than the modern CAN (Controller-Area Network) bus, and even more so β an obsolete and quite slow diagnostic OBD (On Board Diagnostic). FlexRay controllers will work for the control of those parts of the car in which the issue of modern diagnostics is equal to the issue of life and death: engine, transmission, suspension, brakes, steering.
Automotive Safety Restraints Bus specification (ASRB 2.0) β the standard of electronic vehicle systems, which are responsible for the physical safety of the driver and passengers, in particular.
Autopilots, Car parks and navigation systems β software and hardware, without which driving will soon be difficult to imagine. In addition, these systems already have a security and protection function (for example, a call of special services in the event of a serious accident), and in the future this functionality will only increase.
Its use is found in cars and typical for IoT (Internet Things) solutions: for example, GM works with IBM to apply Watson to smart cars.
It is impossible not to mention the main problem of software for cars β it should take into account the features of iron, which can be used even for more than ten years, and therefore, there must be advanced possibilities for updates. And even better β software that is ahead of time.You can read more about smart car software in Compress.
About Tesla written so much and in detail that itβs even boring to tell. But not to mention this project is simply impossible. First of all, because of the unique autonomy for the production car: a set of sensors protects the car from collisions, and a 360-degree camera recognizes road markings, intersections, other cars and vehicles, pedestrians. Thus, the car independently adjusts the controls and the speed of movement. In the process of using the car, the autopilot self-learns and at the same time transfers data to the servers of Tesla Motors, whose employees analyze and improve the system.
The electronic filling of the Tesla Model S is based on the information-control system on two Tegra3 processors, the first of which is responsible for devices and sensors, and the second for entertainment and driver information via a 17-inch display. The software is based on the Linux kernel and a special shell developed by Tesla Motors. Software updates are released quite often and are downloaded βby airβ.
Tesla Model X
Faraday Future is a California start-up, funded by the Chinese company LeEco, which is trying to create its own ecosystem and produce literally everything . Already from the title of the project it is clear that it is an intellectual electric car and from it it is obvious that the founders of startup consider the main competitor Tesla. After a series of rumors of bankruptcy and the failure of the project, the company presented a fully-produced all-electric crossover Faraday Future FF 91 in a rather unusual streamlined body design. The car turned out overall (5250 mm in length, 3200 mm wheelbase) and ergonomic, with a low (0.25) coefficient of drag. The native Variable Platform Architecture (VPA) platform includes 4 electric motors and a battery pack. Power of electric motors in aggregate β 1050 hp, acceleration to hundreds in 2.4 seconds.
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Faraday ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ: 10 ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ°, 13 ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², 12 ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ 3D LIDAR (Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅). Π Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ FFID, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Β«ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡΒ» Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
Π ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ β Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½. ΠΠ΅Π»Π° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΌ: Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2016 LeEco Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Π½Π° CES Π² ΠΠ°Ρ-ΠΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅Π². ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ β ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Tesla.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ β Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅. Mercedes ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π» Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Future Truck 2025, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΌΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΒ». Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
Π ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΠ. Β«ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΠΒ» ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ Cognitive Technologies ΠΈ Β«ΠΠΠ‘Π’ ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΒ» ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΠ-5350, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ β Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ethernet. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° 0,3 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ β Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² VW iBeetle Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Apple β Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ iPhone, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏ Ford F-150 Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.
ΠΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ β ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌ.